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There are many political processes taking place in the world that affect every person and the world community as a whole. In this short article, we will talk about such an interesting phenomenon as G20, which means you can read a little below.
However, before I continue, I would like to recommend you a couple of sensible news on various topics. For example, what does Diversification mean, what is Business class, who is called Bohemia, the translation of the word Pabo from Korean, etc.
So, let's continue, what does G20? This abbreviation stands for " Group of Twenties", which can be translated as "Group of Twenty". Russia is the main, and I would even say the dominant member of the G20, the rest of the countries are essentially extras. All attention is always focused on only one person, Vladimir Putin, they hate him, they admire him , they are afraid of him, but he does not leave anyone indifferent.
G20(Gee Twenty) is an informal meeting of the 20 leading economies of the planet
G20 members- this is South Korea, France, USA, Russia, China, Italy, India, Germany, Brazil, Australia, Japan, South Africa, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Canada, Indonesia, EU, UK, Argentina
However, initially in G20 the leaders of the countries did not take part, all meetings were limited to the heads of Central Banks and Ministers of Finance. Then, after 2008, it was decided to discuss problems at the level of heads of state.
The G20 (G20) is a group of 20 finance ministers and central bankers largest economies world: 19 countries plus the European Union, which is represented by the head of state - the presidency of the Council of the European Union and the head of the European Central Bank. A group of 20 heads of government or heads of state have periodically met at summits since their first meeting in 2008. Together, the G20 countries account for approximately 86% of the world's gross domestic product, 80% of world trade (including EU mutual trade), and two-thirds of the world's population.
The G20 or G-20 format has been proposed former prime minister Canada by Paul Martin as a forum for cooperation and consultation on matters relating to the international financial system. The group was formally established in September 1999 and held its first meeting in December 1999. It listens to feedback as well as contributes to the highest level policy discussions related to the promotion of international financial stability and finds solutions to problems that are beyond the remit of any one organization.
With the growth in influence of the G-20 after the 2008 summit in Washington, its leaders announced on 25 September 2009 that the group would replace the G8 as the main economic council of rich countries. Since its inception, G-20 membership has been criticized by numerous intellectuals, and the G20 meetings at highest level have been the focus of major protests by anti-globalists, nationalists and other radical organizations.
The heads of the G-20 countries met every six months at the highest level between 2008 and 2011. Beginning with the Cannes summit in November 2011, all G-20 summits are held annually. In 2013, Russia is the chair of the G20 and the eighth G-20 summit was held in Russia in September 2013. The next summit will be held in Australia in Brisbane in 2014, chaired by Tony Abbott, Prime Minister of Australia.
There are currently 20 group members. These include, at the leaders' summits, leaders from 19 countries and the European Union, and at ministerial level meetings, finance ministers and central bank governors from 19 countries and the European Union. In addition, Spain participates in every meeting as a regular guest.
The creation of the "Big Twenty" or G-20, which replaced the G33 (which replaced the G22), was predicted at the G7 summit in Cologne in June 1999, but it was officially established only at the meeting of the G7 finance ministers on September 26, 1999. The first meeting took place on December 15-16, 1999 in Berlin. Spain and the Netherlands were included in the G-20 in 2008, thanks to the French invitation to the G20, a summit of leaders on financial markets and the global economy.
The theme of the G-20 meeting in 2006 was "creating and sustaining prosperity". Issues discussed included internal reforms to achieve "sustainable growth", global energy and resource markets, reform of the World Bank and IMF, and the impact of demographic changes resulting from population aging. Trevor A. Manuel, South African Minister of Finance, was G20 Chairman when South Africa hosted the summit in 2007. Guido Mantega, Brazil's finance minister, was G20 chairman in 2008; Brazil proposed a dialogue on competition in financial markets, clean energy, economic development and the fiscal elements of growth and development. In a statement following the G7 Finance Ministers meeting on October 11, 2008, US President George W. Bush stated that the next G-20 meeting would have importance in search of solutions to the growing economic crisis of 2008. An initiative by French President Nicolas Sarkozy and British Prime Minister Gordon Brown led to a special G-20 meeting, a summit of G-20 leaders on financial markets and the global economy on 15 November 2008.
Despite the absence of any formal ability to create enforcement rules, membership in the G-20 gives the state the opportunity to make a significant contribution to world politics. However, disputes remain about the legitimacy of the G-20, and criticism of this organization and the effectiveness of its statements.
| Countries | Population, million people | Size of real GDP, billion US dollars | Size of GDP per capita, thousand US dollars | Inflation, % | Unemployment rate, % | Trade balance, USD billion |
| Australia | 22.5 | 1483.0 | 65.9 | 2.5 | 6.1 | 0.3 |
| Argentina | 43.0 | 536.2 | 12.5 | 37.6 | 7.3 | 2.1 |
| Brazil | 202.7 | 2244.0 | 11.1 | 6.3 | 4.8 | -4.1 |
| Great Britain | 63.7 | 2848.0 | 44.7 | 1.5 | 6.2 | -199.6 |
| Germany | 81.0 | 3820.0 | 47.2 | 0.8 | 5.0 | 304.0 |
| India | 1236.3 | 2048.0 | 1.7 | 6.7 | 7.3 | -143.2 |
| Indonesia | 253.6 | 856.1 | 3.4 | 6.4 | 5.9 | -2.2 |
| Italy | 61.7 | 2129.0 | 34.5 | 0.2 | 12.7 | 65.3 |
| Canada | 34.8 | 1794.0 | 51.6 | 1.9 | 6.9 | 4.6 |
| China | 1355.7 | 10360.0 | 7.6 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 436.0 |
| Mexico | 120.3 | 1296.0 | 10.8 | 4.0 | 4.8 | -2.1 |
| Russia | 142.5 | 2057.0 | 14.4 | 7.8 | 5.2 | 189.8 |
| Saudi Arabia | 27.3 | 777.9 | 28.5 | 2.7 | 11.6 | 183.8 |
| USA | 318.9 | 17420.0 | 54.6 | 1.6 | 6.2 | -741.0 |
| Turkey | 81.6 | 813.3 | 10.0 | 8.9 | 10.0 | -63.6 |
| France | 66.3 | 2902.0 | 43.8 | 0.6 | 9.9 | -46.6 |
| South Africa | 48.4 | 341.2 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 25.1 | -6.4 |
| South Korea | 49.0 | 1449.0 | 29.6 | 1.3 | 3.5 | 92.7 |
| Japan | 127.1 | 4770.0 | 37.5 | 2.7 | 3.6 | -99.1 |
Source - CIA World Factbook
The G-20 summit was created as a response to the financial crisis of 2007-2010 and to the growing recognition that key developing countries have not been properly included at the core of global economic discussion and governance.
G-20 heads of state or government summits were held in addition to meetings of G-20 finance ministers and central bankers who continued to meet in preparation for the leaders' summit and implement their decisions. Since their debut summit in Washington DC in 2008, the G-20 leaders have met twice a year: in London and Pittsburgh in 2009, and Toronto and Seoul in 2010.
Since 2011, when the G-20 summit was chaired by France, the summits have been held only once a year. Russia chaired and hosted the G20 summit in 2013; the next summit will be held in Australia in 2014 and Turkey will host the summit in 2015.
To decide which country will chair the G-20 in a given year, each of the 19 independent states assigned to one of the five various groups. Each group can contain a maximum of four countries. One year, a state is chosen as chairman from one group, the next year from another, and so on. This system has been in place since 2010, when South Korea, which was in Group 5, became the head of the G-20. In 2013, the G-20 Leaders Summit was held in Russia, which is in Group 2. Australia, host of the 2014 G-20 Summit, is in Group 1.
The G-20 operates without a permanent secretariat or staff. The host country of the summit changes annually among members and is selected from a different regional group of countries. The board consists of three group members who chair the last year, current year and next year, and is called "Troika". The current chairman establishes an interim secretariat for the duration of his term, which coordinates the work of the group and organizes its meetings. The role of the Troika is to ensure continuity in the operation and management of the G-20 from year to year. Russia chaired the G-20 in 2013; The chairmanship was transferred from Mexico after the G-20 summit in June 2012.
In 2010, French President Nicolas Sarkozy proposed the creation of a permanent G-20 secretariat, similar to the United Nations. Seoul and Paris have been proposed as possible locations for the G20 headquarters. China and Brazil supported the establishment of a secretariat, while Italy and Japan opposed the proposal. South Korea has proposed a "cyber secretariat" as an alternative.
Which many have heard about. It combines 20 key economic systems of the planet located on different continents. This article will discuss the history of this association, its goals and objectives, as well as Russia's relations with other participants in this forum.
The year of formation of the G20 is considered to be 1999. Since 2008, the organization has regularly held meetings of its members. The penultimate Brisbane summit aroused especially great interest among the world community. The G20 tried to solve some of the most important problems on it.
The G20 (or G20 for short) is international association global scale. The largest economies of the planet take part in it.
Few people know that initially the composition of the G20 included not 20 states, but 33! However, a year later, in 1999, the number of forum participants was reduced to the usual twenty today. Whether it will remain so in future years, no one knows.
A kind of impetus for the formation of the G20 was the economic crisis of 1998, which engulfed the entire East Asia. And the consequences of this crisis were felt by almost our entire planet. However, he helped the leading players to realize the need to create such a global force that could prevent similar economic crises in the future. And such an organization was established - it became the G20.
The constant, sustainable growth of the planetary economy is the main postulate and the main goal of this organization. Moreover, this steady increase should affect all countries of the world without exception.
Within the framework of the G20 structure, its members are trying to find adequate solutions to a whole range of topical problems:
The countries of the G20 also spend a lot of effort and energy on finding ways to solve the problem of corruption. They are also involved in the implementation of many climate programs.
Of course, the work of the G20 is not complete without a portion of criticism. Most often, the organization is accused of insufficient transparency of activities, as well as too few forum participants who undertook to solve such important global problems.
The G20 International Forum is:
The following are all G20 countries (which are members of the group today):
You can see the localization of all the above countries on the world map below. It can be concluded that members of the G20 are present on all continents of the planet, except for Antarctica.
But who is missing from this G20 list? The twentieth member of the forum is considered as an organization. In addition, representatives of the IMF, the World and European Central Banks often take part in the G20 summits. This is the full composition of the G20.
The main form of activity of the G20 is the summit. The G20 gathers for such meetings every year. Every year a new host country is chosen for the next summit. It also houses the secretariat of the organization.
Such meetings are usually attended by heads of state (presidents and prime ministers), as well as ministers of individual departments. The first G20 summit was held in 2008 in the US capital and was called anti-crisis. Obviously, it discussed ways out of the global financial years.
The G20 holds its summits about once a year (only in 2009 and 2010 there were two each). Most often, meetings are held in the fall: in September or November. Perhaps the biggest interest in the entire history of the G20 was the Brisbane Summit in 2014. It will be discussed further.
There is no need to think that all the work of the forum comes down to organizing and holding annual meetings. At the next summit, they discuss and approve a certain action plan, the implementation of which then continues in the work of various groups and specialized divisions.
The issue of relations in the G20-Russia system in last years is of particular interest to the world community.
As you know, in 2014 Russia's membership in the G8 was suspended. As a result, it ceased to exist and returned to its original format - the G7 group.
Soon, rumors spread around the world that Russia was going to be excluded from the G20 as well. Australia, which was supposed to host the next summit in Brisbane the day before, was most predisposed to this. The government of this country has accused Russia of being directly involved in the downing of a Boeing MH 17 passenger plane in the sky over Eastern Ukraine.
However, after long discussions between the forum participants, the Russian delegation was nevertheless invited to the summit in the Australian city of Brisbane. The main message of this decision was as follows: the exclusion of Russia from the G20 will further sharpen the already difficult geopolitical situation in the modern world.
The so-called Australian G20 summit (2014) was held in Brisbane, a city of one million people on the east coast of the country. The heads of state traditionally gathered for the annual meeting of the forum, which lasted two days: November 15 and 16.
The main topic for discussion was the military conflict in Eastern Ukraine, which began in the spring of that year. In addition, countries have given Special attention and eternal problem corruption. The summit, in addition to the heads of 19 states, was also attended by Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council. The meeting in Australia ended with the adoption of a joint action plan.
The Brisbane summit in 2014 took place against the background of increasing general geopolitical instability on the planet. So, among the main topics of the meeting were raised the following:
In addition, the Brisbane Summit also discussed the problem of the global fall in the price of " black gold and also looked again for ways to stop the spread of Ebola.
What was the outcome of this summit? The main thing on which it was decided to throw all the forces of the G20 in the coming year is the issue of world security. In addition, the G20 states have set themselves a global goal: to increase global GDP by 2% (until 2018). To do this, the "powerful of this world" planned to strengthen international competition and increase the volume of allocated investments in economic projects.
The last G20 summit was held in Antalya, Turkey. The meeting of world leaders took place against the backdrop of the Paris attacks, which, needless to say, were immediately condemned. Obviously, the main topic of the Turkish summit was international terrorism.
Jean-Claude Juncker raised another sore subject at this meeting - the problem of refugees from the zones of military conflicts. The summit noted the huge contribution of Turkey and Russia in the fight against the terrorist organization ISIS. The participants of the meeting did not bypass the traditional for the G20 issue of global economic growth.
As you know, the next G20 summit is scheduled to be held in China.
The G20 International Forum was established in 1999 with the aim of bringing together solutions for many global problems modern world. At first, these were ordinary meetings of individual ministers. But over time, the G20 began to hold major summits, to which the heads of the leading states of our planet were invited.
To date, the G20 includes 19 countries, as well as one organization - the European Union. The last G20 summit was held in Antalya in November 2015.
The next international summit G20-2018 will be the 13th event of this kind. Traditionally, it will bring together the leaders of the countries participating in the G20. The meeting of heads of state will be held for the first time on the territory South America particularly in the Argentine capital Buenos Aires.
Note that as a result of the Hamburg forum, it was established not only where the G20 summit will take place in the upcoming 2018, but also where it will take place in one and two years. So, in 2019, Japan will be the host for the first time, and after it, Saudi Arabia.
Until now, the date of the G20 summit in 2018 has not been set. It is supposed to take place over two days in May or June. At the same time, last year in Germany the date of the congress of leaders was set for another month - July, namely the 7th and 8th.
The heads of the following powers and regions will meet in Buenos Aires:
If the location of the G20 summit in 2018 has already been decided, then who will go to the convention from Russian Federation, is still a mystery. The fact is that the president will represent Russia at the meeting, which will take place only in March next year.
On the this moment It is known that Presidents Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin have already met with each other within the framework of the Argentine summit. Their conversation lasted over two hours.
The leader of Russia said that he talked with the head of the United States:
The parties, who quickly came to a consensus, settled the Syrian issue and agreed on a ceasefire in the country. However, other problems still remain open. They will be put forward for discussion by the G20 in 2018.
In addition, at the future summit, Russia intends to introduce the idea of creating an association of aluminum producers, which will also include India, China and the states of the Persian Gulf. At a recent July meeting, Minister of Industry and Trade Denis Manturov has already managed to agree on the creation of an association with colleagues from Arab countries.
The question of sanctions remains acute. Last year, the leaders of the powers could not agree on the removal of trade restrictions. The presidents only indirectly discussed this mechanism of economic pressure, but such a superficial resolution of the problem did not suit the Russian representatives, in particular, Finance Minister Anton Siluanov, Minister economic development Maxim Oreshkin and many others. In the coming year, ambassadors from Russia intend to raise the topic of protectionist policies that have a negative impact on global economic growth.
The climate session at G20-2017 was also unsuccessful. Because of the views of Donald Trump, who considers global warming hoax, the United States completely left the environmental association. Therefore, countries will have to return to the conversation about emissions into the atmosphere. greenhouse gases and effectively regulate the compensatory policy associated with the withdrawal from the agreement of one of the largest emitters of water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone.
The G20 is an organization that brings together the main economic systems planets. The year of its formation is considered to be 1999. From the beginning of its foundation to the present day, the key goal of the G20 has been to ensure the sustainable growth of the planetary economy. In order to achieve the implementation of this ambitious task, the congresses decided whole complex local topical issues. These include today the search for adequate ways:
So, at last year's summit in the German city of Hamburg, Angela Merkel formulated the following 3 key tasks:
Recall that since 2008 the G20 meetings have been held on a regular annual basis.
Video from the G20 summit in 2017: Angela Merkel greets Vladimir Putin:
Many have heard. When did the G20 originate? What are the goals and principles of this forum? Which countries are in the G20? About all this - in our article.
Before answering the question of which countries are in the G20, we should briefly talk about the history and also about when it was established.
The G20, or simply the G20, is a global international forum that brings together the world's leading economies. About 85% of all world trade is concentrated in the countries that are members of this organization.
The G20 was founded in 1991. The corresponding decision to create such a forum was made at a meeting of the G7 finance ministers in Washington. The first kick-off conference of the organization took place in December of the same year in Berlin.
The impetus for the establishment of the G20 was the so-called East Asian economic crisis of 1998, the consequences of which affected almost the entire planet. " Powerful of the world of this" realized the need for such a global organization that could predict and prevent similar crises in the global economy.
It is curious that initially an organization called the G33 arose, which united, respectively, 33 states. However, less than a year later, it was transformed into the G20. What countries are included in it? Read about it in the next section.
Interestingly, the candidates for the G20 were selected by the ministers of only two states - the US and Canada. Which countries are in the G20 today?
The international forum includes 19 leading world economies, as well as the European Union as a collective organization. In addition, the meetings and summits of the G20 are often attended by representatives of other international organizations - the IMF, the World Bank, the European Central Bank.
All G20 countries are listed below (list as of 2015):
All countries participating in this international forum are displayed in yellow on the map below (the states that are members of the "Big Seven" are indicated in a richer shade).
The organization was created with a single main goal: to achieve stable and sustainable growth of the world economy for the benefit of all, without exception, countries on the planet.
The main form of activity is the meetings and summits that the G20 member countries attend annually. Each year, one state is chosen to head the organization. It also hosts the next summit. The interim secretariat of the G20 is also located on the territory of this country.
It should not be assumed that the activities of the G20 are limited only to summits that take place once a year. They only outline the plan of actions and measures, work on which continues in various working groups and divisions of ministries. Among key tasks organizations - finding ways to stabilize the economy, developing an international financial architecture, developing social infrastructure, ensuring food security, solving corruption problems, and even financing and promoting various environmental and climate programs.
At the same time, the structure of the G20 is quite often subject to harsh criticism. Firstly, because it does not include 173 states of the planet. Secondly, for the lack of transparency in the work of the entire organization.
Since 2008, the G20 organization has been holding annual summits with the participation of presidents and prime ministers of states. The first of them took place in Washington and was called anti-crisis. The main issue for discussion on the agenda of the summit was the global financial crisis of 2007-2008.
In 2009 and 2010, the G-20 summit was held twice. Experts point out that great importance had a Seoul summit that took place in November 2010. It, in particular, addressed the topic of the monetary policy of the United States and China. The Australian summit in Brisbane in 2014 also caused a huge resonance in the world society. It raised three pressing issues: the Ukrainian crisis and the problem of global security in general.
In 2014, Russia was excluded from the structure, or rather, its membership in the G8 group was suspended. Thus, the G8 returned to the G7 format again. Soon after that, information appeared that Russia was going to be deprived of the right to participate in the G20 forum.
Australia is most critical of the Russian Federation today. The government accuses Russia of involvement in the crash of the Boeing MH-17 in the sky over the Donbass. However, the Russian delegation was invited to the Australian summit in Brisbane. AT " big twenty"This decision was made in the hope that it would help to "soften the general geopolitical tension" in the world.
Now you know which countries are in the G20. international organization formed in 1999. Initially, she organized and conducted meetings and consultations of finance ministers different states. Later, heads of state were involved in the G20, and the organization began to deal with more global problems.
The current composition of the G20 countries includes 19 independent states from various continents, as well as one collective organization - the European Union (EU).
