Rynin Nikolai Alekseevich(December 11 (December 23) 1877, Moscow - July 28, 1942, Kazan, in evacuation) - Soviet scientist and popularizer in the field of aeronautics, aviation and astronautics, one of the organizers and activists, member of the LenGIRD bureau. Author of a number of works on jet technology, interplanetary communications and the development of the stratosphere.
After graduating from the St. Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers in 1901, he remained to work there, since 1921 he was a professor, for several years he held the position of head of the department of descriptive geometry.
In 1932, the LenGIRD included more than 400 members. B. S. Petropavlovsky, V. A. Artemiev, and others from the Gas Dynamics Laboratory provided great assistance in the organization of LenGIRD and its work. LenGIRD actively promoted rocket technology, organized demonstrative launches of small powder rockets, developed a number of original designs for experimental rockets (photo rocket, meteorological rocket, etc.), in particular, the Razumov-Stern rocket with a rotary rocket engine. In 1932, LenGIRD created courses on the theory of jet propulsion.
In 1934, LenGIRD was transformed into the Jet Propulsion Section, which, under the leadership of M. V. Machinsky, continued propaganda work, conducted experiments on the effects of overloads on animals, and until the start of World War II, developed and tested model rocket engines and rockets of original schemes.
In 1966, in connection with the 40th anniversary of the Gas Dynamics Laboratory (GDL), the Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences on Lunar Names assigned the names of 10 GDL workers to craters on the far side of the Moon. In the same year, names were given to the craters of the Moon in honor of other scientists and designers who at different times developed powder and liquid rockets: Zasyadko, Konstantinov, Kibalchich, Fedorov, Pomortsev, Tikhomirov, Kondratyuk, Zander, Petropavlovsky, Langemak, Artemyev, Kosberg, Rynin, Ilyin, Kleymenov.
The drawing room at the St. Petersburg State University of Communications bears the name of Professor Rynin.
After graduating from the St. Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers in 1901, he remained to work there, since 1921 he was a professor, for several years he held the position of head of the department of descriptive geometry.
In 1932, the LenGIRD included more than 400 members. B. S. Petropavlovsky, V. A. Artemiev and others from the Gas Dynamics Laboratory provided great assistance in organizing LenGIRD and its work. LenGIRD actively promoted rocket technology, organized demonstrative launches of small powder rockets, developed a number of original designs for experimental rockets (photo rocket, meteorological rocket, etc.), in particular, the Razumov-Stern rocket with a rotary rocket engine. In 1932, LenGIRD created courses on the theory of jet propulsion.
In 1934, LenGIRD was transformed into the Jet Propulsion Section, which, under the leadership of M. V. Machinsky, continued propaganda work, conducted experiments on the effects of overloads on animals, and until the start of World War II, developed and tested model rocket engines and rockets of original schemes.
In 1966, in connection with the 40th anniversary of the Gas Dynamics Laboratory (GDL), the Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences on Lunar Names assigned the names of 10 GDL workers to craters on the far side of the Moon. In the same year, names were given to the craters of the Moon in honor of other scientists and designers who at different times developed powder and liquid rockets: Zasyadko, Konstantinov, Kibalchich, Fedorov, Pomortsev, Tikhomirov, Kondratyuk, Zander, Petropavlovsky, Langemak, Artemiev, Kosberg, Rynin, Ilyin, Kleymenov.
The drawing room at the St. Petersburg State University of Communications bears the name of Professor Rynin.
Rynin Nikolai Alekseevich Zabolotsky, Rynin Nikolai Alekseevich Klyuev, Rynin Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, Rynin Nikolai Alekseevich Ostrovsky
Popular writer, encyclopedist, bibliographer, engineer; one of the domestic pioneers and promoters of aeronautics and astronautics. Born in Moscow, graduated from the St. Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers, where he taught engineering. He became interested in aeronautics, read one of the first courses in Russia on this topic, organized an aerodynamic laboratory (he flew in a balloon, airship, airplane, set several records); in the 1920s, carried away by the ideas of K. E. Tsiolkovsky, he took part in the creation and work of the Leningrad Group for the Study of Jet Propulsion (GIRD). During the war he was evacuated to Kazan, where he died.
Artistic creativity of R. is limited to the SF story "In the Air Ocean" (1924) and the remaining unpublished fantasy "Interplanetary Messages: Memories of the Future" (ruk. 1929).
Much more well-known is another work by R. - an encyclopedia published in 9 issues "Interplanetary communications" (Vol. 1-9. 1926-1932); its 2nd and 3rd volumes, almost entirely devoted to a review of science fiction literature, contained rich factual (including bibliographic) material on early science fiction and are probably one of the earliest examples of Russian science fiction (although R. science fiction considered solely from the standpoint of the popularization of science and technology).
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Spaceships:(Interplanetary communications in the fantasies of novelists). Issue. 1-2. - L.: P. P. Soikin, 1928.
Interplanetary communications. Radiant energy in the fantasies of novelists and projects of scientists: (On the works of Russian and Soviet science fiction writers). Issue. 3. - L., 1930.
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Technique and fantasy // In the battle for technology. - 1934. - No. 8. - S. 18-22.
LIT.: Tarasov V. Nikolai Alekseevich Rynin. - M., 1990.
The drawing room at the St. Petersburg State University of Communications bears the name of Professor Rynin.
Rynin Nikolai Alekseevich(12/11/1877, Moscow - 07/28/1942, Kazan, in evacuation) - Soviet scientist in the field of aeronautics, aviation and astronautics, one of the organizers and activists of LenGIRD, a popular writer, one of the domestic pioneers and popularizers of aeronautics and astronautics.
Born in Moscow, father - an auditor of the military department, the son of a staff doctor. In 1886, my father died suddenly. His wife Maria Vasilievna, left alone with two children (Nikolai Rynin's sister Olga was in her eighteenth year), decided to move to Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk) to live with her father, Lieutenant V. Markov, where his maternal grandfather lived. With his support, in 1888, eleven-year-old Nikolai Rynin entered the Simbirsk Men's Classical Gymnasium. The one that Vladimir Ulyanov graduated from a year before.
The diligent gymnasium student Rynin studies mathematics, physics, and after school swallows books with gusto. “I had already re-read all the Russian and foreign classics, he later recalled. - But I especially liked the writings of Jules Verne, Mine Reid and Gustave Aimard". Most likely, it was the fantastic novels of Jules Verne that infected the boy for life with an interest in interplanetary space travel.
Having completed the full course of the 8th grade, despite the low material wealth of the family, in 1896 Rynin went to St. Petersburg, where he entered the Institute of Railway Engineers. During his stay at the Institute from 1896 to 1901, every summer Rynin worked at construction practices and twice, with the assistance of the Institute, he was sent abroad - to France, where he worked as a mechanic, stoker and assistant driver. After graduating from the institute, in the autumn of 1901, Rynin at the Institute of Railway Engineers began to teach a course in descriptive geometry, building art and the design of metal structures. In 1902, he was invited to teach descriptive geometry at the then organized Polytechnic Institute in St. Petersburg.
In 1907, he took an active part in the creation of the All-Russian Aero Club, which was established on January 16, 1908, and on November 12, 1909, the Council of the Institute of Railway Engineers approved the project of an aeromechanical laboratory proposed by N.A. Rynin. In October 1908, an aeronautics circle was created at the MTU (Moscow Technical School), the founder of which was Zhukovsky, the members of the circle were Tupolev and Rynin. In December, Rynin publishes the first issue of the printed magazine "Aeromobil". Since 1909, Rynin has been teaching aeronautics at MTU. And in 1913 he asked to be fired, ending his excellent career, from teaching - he decided to completely engage in aeronautics.
In the summer of 1910, Rynin makes his first 5 flights in balloons and on August 31, after passing the exams established by the International Aeronautical Federation, he was awarded the title of aeronaut pilot, which gives him the right to fly spherical balloons of any design, and was awarded certificate No. 3 (the number of the certificate indicated the order of his receipt according to the list of civil pilots of Russia). At the same time, he began to learn to fly airplanes, and on June 25, 1911, he was already taking an exam for the right to fly an airplane. To obtain the title of pilot-aviator, it was required to perform two flights in a circle (at least 5 kilometers), climb to a height of more than 50 meters, perform several "eights" and land at a distance of no more than 50 meters from the specified place. Rynin brilliantly passes the exam, performs excellent flights and in the evening of the same day he receives certificate No. 24 of an aviator pilot. On October 4, 1911, Rynin successfully passed the exams for the right to control an airship, performed trial solo flights and received certificate No. 1 of an airship pilot-aeronaut.
On March 26, 1914, at the invitation of Sikorsky, he takes part in a flight over St. Petersburg. Sikorsky, at the request of Rynin, descends to 500 meters above the buildings of the Institute of Railway Engineers and makes several circles. Rynin sees his native railway institute, his aeromechanical laboratory, and proudly says to Sikorsky: "... this laboratory will be a breeding ground for engineers of new air routes."
On June 8, 1920, Rynin organized the faculty of air communications at the Institute of Railway Engineers, completely switched to scientific activities in the field of research, design, construction and research on the economic efficiency of air transport. In December, he was elected to the post of professor of air communications, and on December 18 he was approved by the dean of the faculty of air communications.
Carried away by the ideas of K.E. Tsiolkovsky, Rynin already in 1928 organized a section of interplanetary communications at the Institute of Railway Engineers and was elected its chairman. In 1931 - one of the organizers and activists, a member of the LenGIRD bureau, organized on November 13, 1931.
During his 40-year engineering, scientific and teaching life, Rynin wrote 268 works-monographs, of which 190 works are devoted to aerospace topics, 65 are devoted to descriptive geometry and structural mechanics, read about 300 lectures and reports. And this is not counting the still unpublished works, the manuscripts of which are stored today in the funds of the Russian National Library. According to the results of a study conducted by the staff of the National Library of Russia, the complete bibliography of the works of Professor N.A. Rynin only on aviation, aeronautics and astronautics has 800 titles! An unprecedented scientific legacy... On October 30, 1930, Tsiolkovsky wrote to Nikolai Alekseevich: “Your wonderful works and loftiness of feelings will create an immortal name for you...”. All Rynin's works were translated into English by NASA in 1970, and they are considered abroad as a masterpiece of the popularization of astronautics.
A popularizer of space flights, and at the same time science fiction about space flights, Rynin conducts a great propaganda activity. He publishes many popular science articles in the journals "Herald of Knowledge", "Man and Nature", "Science and Technology", "Aircraft", "Nature", "Technology for the Masses". Serves with many journalistic and historical articles on the pages of the newspapers Izvestia, Leningradskaya Pravda, Krasnaya Zvezda, Komsomolskaya Pravda, For Bolshevik Aviation Personnel, Vechernyaya Krasnaya Gazeta, Combat Training, Aviation Newspaper .
And Rynin was also a collector in the highest and noblest sense of the word: alone, he collected to give to everyone. He collected everything related to aeronautics and navigation where there is no air anymore. His Leningrad apartment was like a museum: stands, shop windows, posters. There are photographs on the walls, in cabinets there are folders with documents, drawings, drawings. The main work of his life - "Interplanetary Communications" - was built from his collection for four years: from 1928 to 1932. During this time, 9 issues of Interplanetary Communications were published, covering literally all issues related to astronautics, from mythology to specific rocket designs.
The circulation of some issues is only 800 copies, and immediately after the release it becomes a bibliographic rarity. The small circulation of Interplanetary Communications is explained by the fact that Rynin failed to interest publishers in a book on such a "frivolous" topic. About the seventh issue, he wrote to Tsiolkovsky: "Printing at your own expense and on credit".
It took time for the selfless work of Nikolai Alekseevich to be appreciated. Only five years after the last issue of the journal "Priroda" wrote: "Interplanetary Communications" is an unsurpassed, original, outstanding, comprehensive nine-volume encyclopedia on the theory and technology of jet propulsion. This work is perhaps the only one in the world on the collected together sources of these most pressing problems of our time. It laid the foundation for the emergence of special literature on the above problems and opened up boundless prospects for world science and technology.
In August 1941, the Leningrad Air Force Academy of the Red Army moved from Leningrad to the capital of the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic - Yoshkar-Ola. Rynin could not leave with the academy, he was already seriously ill (throat cancer). Having endured the first, most difficult blockade winter in Leningrad, in the spring of 1942, in an extremely weakened state, he was taken by plane to Yoshkar-Ola, from where he was sent for treatment to a hospital in Kazan. July 28, 1942 Nikolai Alekseevich died. He was buried in Kazan, at the Arsk cemetery.
Shortly before his death, while working on the monograph "The Conquest of the Sky", Nikolai Alekseevich Rynin wrote: “When in 1924 I began to get acquainted in detail with the question of interplanetary communications, at first I was sometimes embarrassed by the question: am I chasing a chimera? Are these messages achievable and feasible someday? Will man finally win the earth's gravity and be carried away into an unknown and mysterious space? However, such doubts and hesitation soon gave way to firm confidence in a positive experience. I realized that yes, the goal is achievable ... "
He knew how to convince, knew how to look into tomorrow and firmly believed that the hour would come when the future cosmonaut would knock on the door of his apartment ... Cosmonaut Georgy Grechko said that as a schoolboy he decided that he would certainly build spaceships. But he did not know which institute he should enter, where he could be taught this. None of his Leningrad acquaintances could advise him anything, but he suddenly remembered that here, in Leningrad, there is a man who knows everything about astronautics. And he decided to go to this man. I found the address in an old book: Zhukovsky street, house 4, apartment 9, and went. Climbing up the stairs of the old house, he was worried: somehow they would meet him ... He stopped in front of a high, upholstered with oilcloth door. Called. Nobody unlocked. I called again. Somewhere from the depths of the apartment, steps were heard, and a quiet female voice asked:
Who's there?
Excuse me, is Nikolai Alekseevich at home?
The chain rattled, the door swung open. An old woman stood on the threshold, examining Zhora. Then she said softly:
But he's dead, boy. He died a long time ago, in 1942...
Yes, they could not meet, but it is already deeply symbolic that the future cosmonaut came to Nikolai Alekseevich Rynin, a man who really knew everything about astronautics.
The artistic work of N.A. Rynin is limited to the science fiction story “In the ocean of air” (1924), as well as the remaining unfinished and unpublished scientific and technical fantasy-prediction “Interplanetary communications: memories of the future” (ruk. 1929).
Rynin's other work is much better known: the encyclopedia "Interplanetary Communications" (Iss. 1-9. 1926-1932), published in 9 issues - its 2nd and 3rd volumes, almost completely devoted to a review of NF literature, contain rich factual (in including bibliographic) material on early science fiction. These books are probably one of the earliest examples of science fiction in Russia, although Rynin considered science fiction literature solely from the standpoint of popularizing science and technology.
© (according to the network)
