Irina Khursulova
. Portrait painting is one of the most complex and significant genres of fine arts. This is not just a reproduction of the features of a particular human but the understanding of his inner world, the essence of his character, the uniqueness of his appearance; expression by the artist of his attitude to the depicted. No other genre of painting reveals man so how does it do portrait.
How teach a child to draw a portrait correctly? Every teacher has their own method. drawing a portrait. I teach children first draw a person's face step by step, with a simple pencil.
Using simple rules, draw a human almost everyone can face, even child. Perhaps not the first time, but with a strong desire, you will definitely be able to teach a child to draw a real portrait of a person.
Before starting work on portrait, it is recommended to prepare all necessary:
Paper;
Simple pencil.
1. First, draw a face with thin lines - an oval.
2. For relief drawing exactly in the center draw a vertical line dividing portrait into two parts and two horizontal lines dividing it into 3 parts: forehead, eyebrows; eyes, nose; mouth, chin.
3. On the top line, draw arches-eyebrows.
4. Below are the eyes. The shape of the eyes consists of arcuate lines. In the middle, the iris and pupil are drawn. Do not forget draw eyelashes, on the upper eyelid they are longer than on the lower.
5. Drawing nose - nose in the middle, beginning at the eyebrows. Drawn with a smooth curved line. The crown of the nose is rounded and lateral are drawn wings of the nose and nostrils.
4. The mouth is below the nose. We draw the line of the mouth, on top of the upper lip - two arcuate lines, from below the lower lip - a large arcuate line.
Erase the extra lines with an eraser.
5. On the sides at the level of the nose, draw the ears, draw the shoulders.
6. Then the hair: short or long, straight or curly, wavy, with or without bangs, color.
Talent is given to everyone man by nature, only to develop any abilities you need to start from early childhood. By helping children learn to form images into images, you educators are doing them a great service. Drawing pencil step by step is not only interesting, but also very useful for young children. Good luck to you!
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Drawing for a child is an activity that not only brings pleasure, but also contributes to the development of fine motor skills, as well as thinking, memory, and attention.
For the first time portraying a person, most children act on the principle of "stick, stick, cucumber - that's the little man out." They still do not know how to correctly assess the perspective and correlate the sizes of different parts of the body. Children draw a huge (or, conversely, too small) head and do not bother drawing details. But over time, preschoolers, and then schoolchildren, have a desire to learn how to portray a person correctly. Fortunately, today it is not necessary to go to art school or take individual lessons from fine art teachers to do this. In the article you will find explanations and detailed schemes for drawing a person for children and adults, using which you can learn how to create quite recognizable images.
At first glance, step-by-step drawing seems to be an uncreative activity, incapable of having a positive impact on the development of the child. But that's not the case at all.
Preparing for a lesson in drawing a person for children is very simple: for this you only need pencils (simple and colored), a sheet of paper and an eraser. The child only needs to follow all the instructions, gradually reproducing on paper the individual details of the drawing. So, pick up a simple pencil and get started!
Our man is almost ready! It remains only to erase all unnecessary lines, draw a contour and colorize. For kids, drawing a person step by step is a fun way to learn how to create similar images. In the future, they will be able to draw people, independently inventing the details of the future picture and correctly placing them on a piece of paper.
In addition to inspiration, quality paper and pencils, softness from 3B, you will need basic knowledge of how to draw a human figure. If you understand the proportions, then even a beginner can draw a human figure in stages. Consider the techniques and main points for the successful solution of a creative task.
The drawing consists of several stages.
Any drawing begins with a composition. Depending on the pose of nature, a vertical or horizontal format is selected. Light lines create the movement and silhouette of the body.
A well-composed figure is harmoniously placed on the field of the sheet. Looking at the finished work, there should not be a desire to move the drawing.
The image scale must be chosen according to the format. Too large a drawing gives the impression of tightness, it requires adding space around. Small - creates the illusion of emptiness, I want to cut the sheet.
Outline lines outline the bend of the spine, turn of the head, axial shoulder girdle and hip joints. The direction of the shoulders, forearms, hips, shins, hands and feet is indicated linearly schematically.
Body parts are measured and placed on a sheet in a simplified geometric form (the head is in the form of an oval, the chest is an oblate barrel, a bowl-shaped pelvis, cylindrical and conical - the neck and limbs, prismatic - feet and hands). The relative position of the main paired joints (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle) is specified.
At this stage, characteristic anatomical features are worked out. The principle is from the general to the particular. Details emerge only after the construction of large parts.
In fact, the construction comes down to breaking large geometric shapes into smaller components. The goal is to achieve an anatomically correct section of the forms.
The human body is symmetrical, and the spine is used in construction as a natural axis of symmetry when laying segments to the right and left.
The drawing is done gently, without pressing on the pencil, so that the auxiliary construction lines can be freely removed. At the same time, the border of light and shadow is outlined.
Depending on the artistic task, chiaroscuro may be limited to light shading, or it may consist of complex multi-layer shading that conveys the features of the skin and the texture of the clothing material.
First of all, own and falling shadows are completely covered. The main tone is concentrated on the shadow border. Then semitones and reflexes are worked out. At the same time, the density of the shadow increases. The last work is done on the light. The illuminated areas are slightly muffled with a light tone.
The final part is detailing. Highlighting highlights with an eraser, sharpening and emphasizing shapes with a stroke. Classical hatching is carried out according to the shape of the object.
It is advisable to start drawing a person with short-term sketches from nature. Daily practice will help you quickly develop your eye and acquire the necessary graphic skills.
Be sure to study plastic anatomy. Without basic knowledge of the structure of the body, good results cannot be achieved, the drawing will be reduced to copying what you see. The books of Gottfried Bammes can be a wonderful teaching aid.
An excellent help will be drawing individual parts of the body in different positions with anatomical detail.
To help novice artists, there is a special measurement technique for determining the exact proportions of the body:
Let's try to draw a person in different poses.
Silhouette drawing can be used for life sketches, caricatures, illustrations, creation of cartoon characters. With this type of image, the proportions are often not preserved and even deliberately distorted. The contour type of drawing is usually used by children. Any drawing of the human body also begins with a preparatory silhouette sketch.
The proportional construction of a full-length figure is associated with its conditional division into parts. On the sheet, dashes mark the vertical dimensions of the depicted person. The pubic fusion roughly divides the body of an adult in half, the head occupies 1/8 - 1/7 of the part. The head of a child, depending on age, is from 1/4 to 1/6.
The dimensions indicated on the paper are divided into the required number of parts. The corresponding contours of the body fit into the resulting segments.
And some more proportions:
Knowing these patterns greatly facilitates the task of the drawing artist.
To "put" a person on a sheet, you need to determine the center of gravity. To do this, a vertical line is drawn from the jugular fossa (at the base of the neck in front in the center) through the center of the pelvis down. In a person standing with support on one leg, the vertical passes through the foot of the supporting leg. At the same time, the hip joint of this leg is higher, the pelvis is tilted down from the support, the shoulder girdle is in the opposite direction. If the sitter stands on two legs, or leaning on his elbows, leaning on his hands, shoulder, back, the center of gravity is located between the two supports.
In order to draw a person in motion, anatomical analysis is needed to accurately reproduce the dynamics:
The beginning of the drawing is always schematic: the movement of the ridge, the location of the axes of the shoulder and pelvic girdle with the designation of the joints, the rotation of the skull, the direction of the bones of the limbs with the simultaneous determination of their length, the position of the feet and hands.
In drawing a seated person, the choice of angle plays an important role. A position directly in front of nature is considered unsuccessful. In this case, the hips of the person sitting on the chair are in a sharp perspective contraction. In a sitting position on the ground, the legs or torso are reduced, depending on the chosen horizon line. A convincing image in this position is difficult to achieve. The best angles for a seated person are lateral, with the horizon at head level or slightly lower.
In the sitting position, the lumbar spine is straightened. The center of gravity is the center of support. Most of the muscles are in a relaxed state. The gluteal muscles, and others in contact with surfaces, are subjected to deformation.
The profile image allows you to most sharply convey the characteristic features of the body - posture, fit of the head and shoulders.
It requires the construction of the chest, shoulder girdle and pelvic bones in perspective. If the head is not in a clear profile, then so are the skulls. The limbs further away from the viewer will also be somewhat smaller.
For a correct image, it is necessary to find the vanishing point on the horizon line (at eye level) and collect all the center lines in it. Auxiliary lines should also be drawn through paired points (for example: pectoral muscles, anterior superior iliac spines, eyebrows, corners of the lips) in order to maintain body symmetry.
Features of a lying person are relaxation of muscles and sagging of soft tissues under the force of gravity. The muscles in contact with the surface are flattened.
The difficulty in drawing a lying body lies in the perspective reduction of proportions. The most difficult angles of the lying nature are from the side of the head and feet. In such positions, the contraction of the body is maximum, the construction is problematic.
In the perspective image of body parts, the method of constructing geometric bodies in perspective is used.
The sitter standing with his back is drawn in the same sequence as the one who is facing. Proportional divisions are transferred to the back of the body. So, half of the growth is at the level of the sacrum. The chin is located in the center of the cervical spine, the next mark is in the middle of the shoulder blades, etc. The task is simplified by the absence of the need to draw a face.
Anatomical forms are subject to geometrization. Avoid direct lighting, which makes it difficult to understand shaping.
Draw a female figure
Drawing a dressed person comes down to building a naked body, followed by modeling draperies over the build. When depicting clothes, you need to make out in which parts the fabric repeats the relief of the body, and where it has its own volume. For example: on the female body, the blouse is adjacent to the body from the collarbone to the middle of the chest in front, from the hood muscles to the top of the shoulder blades in the back. Below this border, the fabric drapes freely.
Rigid wardrobe items (some hats, shoes) have their own geometry.
When developing chiaroscuro, it is taken into account that the fabric has its own tone and texture. A common mistake is to work out the details and folds of the material more carefully than the faces of nature, in connection with which clothing begins to play a major role in the drawing.
The female figure has a number of proportional differences from the male. The shoulders are somewhat narrower, the chest is smaller in volume, the pelvic bones are wider, the legs are shorter than men's. In men, the lower leg is longer, the superciliary arches are more developed on the skull.
An important point when drawing a woman: in ladies, the center of gravity is lower than in men. The shift in the center of gravity occurs when putting on shoes with heels and in pregnant women. This is most noticeable from the side, expressed by changes in the deflection in the lumbar region. You need to draw a female body taking into account this feature.
Due to the even distribution of subcutaneous fat, the muscles are hidden, have a calm relief. This requires smooth lines of drawing and fine light and shade modeling.
Having mastered drawing from life, using the knowledge gained about anatomy, you can draw the body in different positions according to the representation. Whatever the pose is conceived - natural or acrobatic, it is important to understand the system of work of the skeleton and muscles in each case. The idea of the female body as a geometric constructor will help to correctly model the chiaroscuro from an imaginary light source.
Drawing several characters is a complex task from those already considered. Additionally, the compositional component and the problem of remoteness of people in the future are solved.
In addition to the linear perspective, the group's drawing uses aerial perspective. The figures of the foreground are drawn more concretely and more contrasting than those in the background. The black and white elaboration of the central moments of the composition is the most scrupulous. If necessary, the secondary plan is summarized with a light broad stroke.
Drawing a person is not only difficult, but also very interesting. Having learned to draw a body, you always want more - to convey the character of the character and your attitude towards him.
Not every mother knows how to draw beautifully, but she still has to teach her child. In order to help your child learn this difficult task, you should pay attention to step-by-step educational images. Some children develop talent from childhood. They can draw anytime, anywhere. Other toddlers should be pushed to help them learn something new. Before you begin the learning process, prepare all the necessary materials - pencils, erasers, paper.
We will divide the whole drawing process into several stages. At the first, we will learn how to draw an oval, which will act as a head.
Then we draw a rectangle, which we connect with an oval. Thus, we have a body.
We begin to work on the overall picture - we draw all the elements.
Now we will “put on” panties on the character.
Don't forget your ears! Add two semicircles on both sides of the head.
Now let's get to the hair. You can draw ordinary hair, or you can come up with something intricate.
We proceed to the face - eyes, nose, eyebrows, lips. If you haven't worked on the neck yet, now is the time.
In addition, you can add a shirt or other clothes you like.
We work on the palm and fingers - on each separately.
For believability, add folds in the panties, since the knees are convex. Don't forget about shoes.
Now you can get rid of the auxiliary lines and add bright colors to the illustration.
Ready! Any kid can handle this pattern. You can complicate the task and give dynamics to the picture by depicting the hero in motion on it.
Along with this, they search and read:
This lesson is intended for older children who are already boldly depicting a human figure. Study a few pictures to decide what style you will work in. It is best to start with cartoon characters, as it will be easy and interesting for the baby. Let your child dream up - let him go beyond the usual lines and come up with something of his own.
Stage 1. We draw an oval, which we divide into two halves with a horizontal line - the upper part should be larger than the lower one. Divide the face into equal halves with a vertical line. We draw another horizontal line, as in the example. The lines represent the girl's nose, eyes and mouth. In the end, we just erase them.
Stage 2. Now we mark the nose, mouth area, lips. Please note that the lower lip should be larger than the upper.
Stage 3. We mark a place for the eyes. We depict the inner part of the eye focusing on the edges of the nose - these parameters should be parallel. Pay attention to the distance between the eyes - it should not be less than the length of the eye itself. We draw neat eyebrows.
Stage 4. Working on the mouth and lips. In order to determine the length of the mouth, draw two lines down from the inner corners of the eyes.
Stage 5. We erase the auxiliary lines, you can add shadows to give the image volume.
Stage 6. Add realism - cheekbones, shadows, darken the wings of the nose and chin. Paint over the pupil of the eye, add highlights. Don't forget about eyelashes! Ready.
It will not be difficult for schoolchildren to repeat such a drawing, especially if their talent is clearly visible. Experiment with characters and drawing materials. First, study the proportions, the direction of the lines, the shadows, and then feel free to break the rules and come up with something of your own.
It is better to start drawing from childhood - this is one of the most fertile periods for mastering the basics of fine art.
Step by step drawing for children is a way that will help you develop your child's creative abilities, regardless of his natural abilities.
You will spend many exciting hours learning the basics of drawing step by step and then be able to realize all your creative fantasies.
Staged drawing is a drawing method that allows you to create a drawing sequentially, in stages, from simple to complex.
Sometimes the whole thing stands still simply because the person doesn't know where to start. Often a child asks mom or dad “And draw a turtle”, and the parent would gladly fulfill the wish of the baby, but he doesn’t know how.
And if he had a step-by-step drawing of the same turtle in front of him, he would easily cope with this task.
For children, step-by-step drawing is a good help: firstly, they learn to draw without errors, following a certain procedure, and secondly, in the process of repeated training, they develop an algorithm that will later allow them to accurately depict many things without a diagram.
Finally, it's just very interesting and exciting to watch how a whole image emerges from small shapes and strokes, moreover, failures rarely happen.
Of course, at first it would be nice for the parents themselves to master this simple method. And if a child watches how mom or dad tries in creative work, the desire to repeat after the elders will definitely arise.
At first, in the lessons of phased drawing with a child, convenient and understandable schemes are needed.
The essence of the method is that drawing something takes place in several steps.
That is, when drawing a cat, we will not start with a tail or a muzzle, but we will follow a certain pattern that will allow us to avoid mistakes and inaccuracies in proportions.
The easiest way to start mastering step-by-step drawing is with pencil sketches. Paints and pastels will come in handy later.
To organize the process you will need:
If pencil drawing has already been mastered, or if you want to immediately move on to pastels or paints, all this should also be available.
Provide a great workplace for a novice artist: a comfortable table and chair, good lighting, and the absence of all distractions. The child should be comfortable.
If there is a board or easel nearby - great, you can attach diagrams there. You can also use a book stand or wall.
Before you start drawing, be sure to tell your child about the following rules:
Next, we show the child interesting schemes. Offer a choice of several schemes, let the young artist choose what he likes. Remember that it is best to start with simpler schemes: first we master the phased drawing of animals, patterns, and later we move on to drawing a person.
Let's start with a stylized, cartoonish bunny, which is easy for a preschooler to get.
Now let's draw a cute cat.
Now let's draw a charming puppy.
This simple diagram will help your child master the proportions in drawing a person.
Any boy will want to learn how to draw a tank, and it's not difficult at all.
Perhaps, after mastering the drawing of these elements, the child will be interested in painting on wood - a very interesting, traditional art.
These elements are present in many samples of Khokhloma painting.
So, phased drawing is a method based on order and sketchiness. To fix a certain algorithm in the creative mind of a child, it makes sense to resort to this method. You should start with simple stylized drawings, images of cartoon characters, etc. It is both simple and interesting, and the result will be successful.
When a child has mastered the basics of step-by-step drawing, he may want to continue his creative studies in a fine art studio or art school. A. maybe he will continue to improve his skill in drawing according to the schemes, which will become more complicated.
