You have noticed that the farther, the more incomprehensible the processes taking place on the planet become. It is explainable. First, there are more and more people. Secondly, they do not sit on a palm tree, but develop. Only their creations are not always safe. Therefore, it is necessary for a person to understand where the threats lurk. It is proposed to study the list of countries that have Politicians and the military are closely watching what is happening inside these states. Yes, and you and I need to look closely, is it not blazing?
Before talking about how many countries in the world have nuclear weapon, it is necessary to define the concepts. The fact is that not everyone imagines the strength and power of the described threat. Nuclear weapons are a means mass destruction population. If (God forbid) someone dares to use it, then there will not be a single person on the planet who has not suffered as a result of such an act. Some will simply be destroyed, the rest are subject to secondary risks. The nuclear arsenal includes the devices themselves, the means of their "delivery" and control. Fortunately, these are complex systems. To create them, you need to have the appropriate technology, which reduces the risk of replenishing the "owners' club". Therefore, the list of countries with nuclear weapons has remained unchanged for a long time.
Back in 1889, the Curies discovered oddities in the behavior of certain elements. They discovered the principle of release of a huge amount of energy in the process of their decay. D. Cockcroft and other great minds dealt with this topic. And in 1934 L. Szilard received a patent for atomic bomb. He was the first to figure out how to put the discovery into practice. We will not delve into the reasons for its work. However, there were many who wanted to take advantage of the discovery.
Such weapons were then considered to be the key to world domination. It doesn't even need to be applied. Swing like a club, everyone will obey in fear. By the way, the principle has been living for almost a century. All the nuclear powers listed below have a significant, compared with others, weight on the world stage. Of course, many people don't like it. But such is the order of things, according to philosophers.
It is clear that technologies could not create states that were not developed, that did not have an appropriate scientific and industrial base.
Although this is not all that is needed to create such complex devices. Therefore, the list of countries with nuclear weapons is small. It includes eight or nine states. Are you surprised by this uncertainty? Now let's explain what the problem is. But first, let's list them. List of countries with nuclear weapons: Russian Federation, USA, Great Britain, France, China, Pakistan, India. These states were able to implement Curie's discovery to varying degrees. Their arsenals are different in composition and, of course, threats. However, one bomb is believed to be enough to destroy life.
That's what intrigue exists on the planet. In the list of countries with nuclear weapons, some experts include Israel. The state itself does not recognize that it can already be included in this "club". However, there is some circumstantial evidence that Israel does possess lethal weapons. In addition, some states are secretly working to create their own nuclear "baton". They talk a lot about Iran, which does not hide it. Only the government of this country recognizes the development of the "peaceful atom" carried out in its laboratories. tend to think that similar program, being successful, will also allow the creation of weapons of mass destruction. Experts say this. They also talk about nuclear powers supplying technology to their "satellites". This is done for political purposes to strengthen their own influence. Thus, some experts are trying to convict the United States of supplying nuclear weapons to partners. Recognized evidence has not yet been presented to the world.
Not all experts consider nuclear weapons only a threat to the existence of the planet. In times of crisis, it, oddly enough, can act as a powerful tool for "peace enforcement." The fact is that some leaders consider it possible to resolve claims and conflicts by military means. This, of course, is not good for people. Wars are death and destruction, a brake on the development of civilization. So it was before. Now the situation is different. All countries are connected in one way or another. As they say, the world has become very small and cramped. It is almost impossible to fight in such a way as not to hurt the "nuclear club". A power that possesses such a "club" can also use it in the event of a serious threat. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the risks before using conventional weapons. It turned out that the members of the “nuclear club” guarantee peace.
Of course, the club of the “chosen ones” is heterogeneous. Countries have in completely disparate parameters. If the US and Russia have a so-called triad, then other states are limited in the potential use of their bombs. Strong countries (USA, RF) have carriers of all types. These include: ballistic missiles, air bombs, submarines. That is, it can be delivered to the place of impact on land, air and sea. Other members of the "nuclear club" have not yet reached such a development. Another issue is complicated by the fact that powers do not seek to reveal their secrets. Estimates of their nuclear arsenals are very relative. Negotiations are conducted in strict secrecy. Although efforts to establish parity are constantly being made. Nuclear weapons are currently not a military, but a political factor. Many politicians and specialists are working to ensure that this state of affairs remains unchanged. Nobody wants to die.
Recent world events arouse interest in the nuclear powers of the world. How many countries for 2018 - 2019 have nuclear weapons. Everyone knows that the US and Russia have the most powerful weapons in the world, and about their confrontation. In 1945, America first used the atomic bomb, dropping it in Japan on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The world community was horrified about the power and consequences. Countries, represented by leaders, consider such weapons to be a guarantee of security and sovereignty. Such a country will be reckoned with and feared.
The powers that have such weapons in their arsenal are included in the so-called "Nuclear Club". Intimidation and world domination are the reasons why research and manufacture is carried out atomic weapons.
Takes 1st place in the number of warheads among nuclear powers. In 1945, for the first time in the world, nuclear explosion the first Trinity bomb. Apart from a large number warheads, the US has missiles with a range of 13,000 km that can deliver nuclear weapons to that distance.
Russia is the rightful successor of the USSR and a power that has nuclear weapons. And for the first time the country carried out an explosion of a nuclear bomb in 1949 and by 1990 there were about 715 tests in total. The Tsar bomb is the most powerful thermonuclear bomb in the world. Its capacity is 58.6 megatons of TNT. Its development was carried out in the USSR in 1954-1961. under the leadership of I.V. Kurchatov. Tested on October 30, 1961 at the Dry Nose test site.
In 2014, President Vladimir Putin changed the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, as a result of which the country reserves the right to use nuclear weapons in response to the use of nuclear or other weapons against it or its allies mass destruction, as well as any other, if the very existence of the state is threatened.
For 2017, Russia has launchers in its arsenal missile systems intercontinental ballistic missiles capable of carrying nuclear combat missiles (Topol-M, YARS). Navy The Russian Armed Forces has ballistic missile submarines. The Air Force has long-range strategic bombers. The Russian Federation is rightfully considered one of the leaders among the powers possessing nuclear weapons, and one of the technologically advanced.
USA's best friend.
Officially joined the nuclear club. The US and UK have been longtime partners and have been cooperating on the nuclear issue since 1958, when a mutual defense treaty was signed between the countries. The country does not seek to reduce nuclear weapons, but does not increase their production in view of the policy of deterring neighboring states and aggressors. The number of warheads in stock is not disclosed.
The first explosion was carried out on the territory of Algeria. A thermonuclear explosion was tested in 1968 on the Mururoa atoll in the southern part Pacific Ocean and since that time more than 200 tests of weapons of mass destruction. The state aspired to its independence and officially began to possess deadly - striking weapons.
The state has officially declared that it will not be the first to use nuclear weapons, and also guarantees not to use it against countries that do not have lethal weapons.
It officially recognized that it had nuclear weapons only in 1998 after successful underground explosions at the Pokharan test site.
In response to nuclear weapons explosions in India, a series of underground tests were conducted in 1998.
In 2005, the leadership of the DPRK announced the creation of a dangerous bomb and in 2006 conducted its first underground test. The second time the explosion was carried out in 2009. And in 2012, it officially declared itself a nuclear power. AT last years the situation on the Korean peninsula has escalated and the DPRK periodically threatens the United States nuclear bomb if it continues to intervene in the conflict with South Korea.
The country is not officially the owner of nuclear weapons. The State does not deny or confirm the presence of nuclear weapons. But there is evidence that Israel has such warheads.
The world community accuses this power of creating nuclear weapons, but the state declares that it does not possess such weapons and is not going to produce them. Research was carried out only for peaceful purposes, and that scientists have mastered the entire cycle of uranium enrichment and only for peaceful purposes.
The state possessed nuclear weapons in the form of missiles, but voluntarily destroyed them. There is information that Israel assisted in the creation of the bombs.
The beginning of the creation of a deadly bomb was laid in 1898, when the spouses Pierre and Maria Suladovskaya-Curie discovered that some substance in uranium releases a huge amount of energy. Subsequently, Ernest Rutherford studied the atomic nucleus, and his colleagues Ernest Walton and John Cockcroft in 1932 first split the atomic nucleus. And in 1934 Leo Szilard patented the nuclear bomb.
North Korea has successfully tested an intercontinental missile, but it is not the only country that threatens the world with nuclear weapons.
The US military believes that another missile launched by the DPRK belongs to the class of intercontinental missiles. Experts say that it is capable of reaching Alaska, which means that it poses a direct threat to the United States.
"A Gift for the Yankees"
The Hwangson-14 missile was launched by North Korea on the morning of Tuesday, July 4. On this day, America celebrates Independence Day. The rocket flew 933 km in 39 minutes - not far, but that's because it was launched very high. The highest point of the trajectory was at a distance of 2,802 km above sea level.
Rocket "Hwanseong-14" before launch. Photo: Reuters/KCNA
She fell into the sea between North Korea y and Japan.
But if Pyongyang had a goal to attack any country, the missile would be able to cover a distance of 7000-8000 km, which is enough to reach not only Japan, but also Alaska.
North Korea says it is capable of equipping its missile with a nuclear warhead. Nuclear weapons experts doubt whether Pyongyang has this moment technology that would allow the production of sufficiently compact warheads.
However, the Hwangseong-14 tests happened earlier and were more successful than expected, an American expert from missile weapons John Schilling.
"Even if it's a 7,000-km-range missile, a 10,000-km-range missile that could hit New York is not a distant prospect," the head of the nuclear nonproliferation program in East Asia Middlebury Institute for International Studies Geoffrey Lewis.
Approximate range of the Hwangseong-14 missile. Infographic: CNN
The launch showed that no sanctions on the DPRK are in effect. On the contrary, threats only stimulate the country's leader Kim Jong-un to continue to clap weapons and demonstrate the power of his arsenal.
After the test, he, according to the North Korean State News Agency, said that the US would not like the "package of gifts for their Independence Day." Kim Jong-un ordered scientists and the military to "send big and small 'gift packages' to the Yankees more often."
China and Russia issued a joint statement calling on North Korea to halt its missile and nuclear program and the US and South Korea- refrain from conducting large-scale military exercises.
However, Washington did not heed the calls of Moscow and Beijing. On Wednesday morning, they held demonstration launches of Hyunmu II missiles, which are capable of hitting targets at a distance of 800 km.
The tension is rising and the world is talking about nuclear war. However, North Korea is not the only country capable of starting it. Today, seven more countries officially possess a nuclear arsenal. Israel can be safely added to them, although it has never officially admitted that it possesses nuclear weapons.
Russia is the leader in terms of
The US and Russia together own 93% of the world's nuclear arsenal.
Distribution of the world nuclear arsenal. Infographic: Arms Control Association, Hans M. Kristensen, Robert S. Norris, U. S. Department of State
According to official and unofficial estimates, cumulatively Russian Federation has 7,000 nuclear weapons. Such data are provided by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and the American organization Arms Control Association.
According to the data exchanged between the Russian Federation and the United States under the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, as of April 2017, Russia had 1,765 strategic warheads.
They are placed on 523 long-range missiles, submarines and strategic bombers. But this is only about deployed, that is, ready-to-use nuclear weapons.
The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) estimates that Russia has approximately 2,700 non-deployed strategic, as well as deployed and non-deployed tactical warheads. In addition, 2,510 warheads are awaiting dismantling.
Russia, according to a number of publications on the National Interest website, is modernizing its nuclear weapons. And in some positions ahead of its main enemy - the United States.
It is on them that the power of the Russian nuclear capability. And Russian propagandists do not get tired of reminding us of this. The brightest in this case was, of course, Dmitry Kiselev with his "nuclear ashes".
However, there are also opposite estimates, according to which the lion's share of missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads is hopelessly outdated.
USA at a crossroads
In total, the Americans currently have 6,800 nuclear weapons. Of these, deployed, according to the data of the treaty on the reduction of strategic weapons in April 2017, 1411 strategic warheads. They are deployed on 673 long-range missiles, submarines and strategic bombers.
FAS estimates that the US also has 2,300 non-deployed strategic warheads and 500 deployed and non-deployed tactical warheads. And another 2,800 warheads are waiting to be dismantled.
With its arsenal, the United States threatens many opponents, not only Russia.
For example, the same North Korea and Iran. However, according to many experts, it is outdated and needs to be modernized.
Interestingly, in 2010, Barack Obama and Dmitry Medvedev signed the aforementioned strategic arms reduction treaty, also known as the New Start. But the same Obama stimulated the deployment of a missile defense system in the US and Europe, his administration launched the process of developing and deploying new ground-based launchers for long-range missiles.
The Trump administration has plans to continue the process of modernizing weapons, including nuclear,
Nuclear Europe
Among the countries of Europe, the only ones with a nuclear arsenal are France and the United Kingdom. The first one is armed with 300 nuclear warheads. Most of them are equipped to launch from submarines. France has four of them. A small amount - for air launch, from strategic bombers.
The British have 120 strategic warheads. Of these, 40 are deployed at sea on four submarines. This is, in fact, the only type of nuclear weapons in the country - it has neither ground nor air force armed with nuclear warheads.
In addition, there are 215 warheads in the UK that are stored at bases but not deployed.
Secret China
Since Beijing has never made public information about its nuclear arsenal, it can only be judged approximately. In June 2016, the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists suggested that overall, China has 260 nuclear warheads. Also available information indicates that it increases their number.
China also has all three of the main means of delivering nuclear weapons - land-based installations, nuclear submarines and strategic bombers.
One of China's latest intercontinental ballistic missiles, Dongfeng-41 (DF41), was located near the border with Russia in January 2017. But apart from complex relationships with Moscow, Beijing also has tense relations with neighboring India.
There is also an unconfirmed theory that China is helping North Korea develop its nuclear program.
sworn neighbors
India and Pakistan, unlike the previous five countries, develop their nuclear program outside the framework of the 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. At the same time, both countries have a long-standing enmity, regularly threaten each other with the use of force, and armed incidents regularly occur on the Indo-Pakistani border.
But in addition, they also have other conflict relations. For India it is China, and for Pakistan it is Israel.
Both countries do not hide the fact that they have a nuclear program, but their details are not publicly disclosed.
India is believed to have between 100 and 120 nuclear warheads in service. The country is actively developing its arsenal. One of the latest achievements was the successful testing of the Agni-5 and Agni-6 intercontinental missiles, which are capable of delivering a warhead to a distance of 5,000-6,000 km.
At the end of 2016, India took delivery of its first nuclear submarine, the Arihant. It also plans to buy 36 Rafale combat aircraft capable of carrying nuclear weapons from France by 2019. The country currently has several older aircraft for this purpose - the French Mirage, the Anglo-French SEPECAT Jaguar and the Russian Su-30.
Pakistan is armed with 110 to 130 nuclear warheads. The country began to develop a nuclear program after India conducted the first test of a nuclear weapon in 1974. She is also in the process of expanding her arsenal.
Currently nuclear missiles Pakistan - short and medium range. There are rumors that he is developing the Taimur intercontinental missile with a range of 7,000 km. The country also intends to build its own nuclear submarine. And the Mirage and F16 planes that Pakistan has are rumored to have been modified to carry nuclear weapons.
Israel's Deliberate Ambiguity
SIPRI, FAS and other organizations that monitor the development of nuclear weapons in the world claim that Israel has 80 nuclear warheads in service. In addition, it has stockpiles of fissile material to make another 200 warheads.
Israel, like India and Pakistan, has not signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, thus retaining the right to develop it. But unlike India and Pakistan, he has never announced his nuclear program and pursues a so-called policy of deliberate ambiguity in this matter.
In practice, this means that Israel never confirms or refutes the assumption that it has nuclear weapons.
It is believed that Israel developed nuclear warheads in a secret underground factory located in the middle of the desert. It is also assumed to possess all three of the main delivery vehicles: ground launchers, submarines, and combat aircraft.
Israel is understandable. It is surrounded on all sides by hostile states that do not hide their desire to "throw Israel into the sea." However, the policy of ambiguity is often criticized by those who see it as a manifestation of double standards.
Iran, which also tried to develop a nuclear program, was severely punished for this. Israel has not experienced any sanctions.
Nuclear (or atomic) weapons are the presence of the entire nuclear arsenal, its means of transportation, as well as hardware control. Such weapons are classified as WMD - weapons of mass destruction. The explosive action of the so-called "rusty death" weapons is based on the principle of using some of the qualities that nuclear power released as a result of a nuclear or thermonuclear reaction.
Everything available on the globe Nuclear weapons can be divided into two types:
In 1889, the Curie couple committed to scientific world grand opening. They discovered in a piece of uranium a hitherto unknown substance that released a colossal mass of energy.
After this discovery, events developed as follows. E. Rutherford studied the basic properties of atoms. E. Walton with D. Cockcroft for the first time in the world carried out the splitting of the atomic nucleus. And already in 1934, the scientist Leo Szilard registered a patent for the creation of an atomic bomb.
The purpose for which atomic weapons were created is very trivial - this is world domination, with the intimidation and destruction of their enemies. So, when the second World War, German scientists, Soviet Union and the United States engaged in research and development of nuclear weapons. These three largest and most powerful states, actively participating in hostilities, attempted to achieve victory at any cost. Moreover, if at that time they had managed to use these weapons as a key factor in victory, then they could have been used more than once in other military conflicts.
The states that currently possess nuclear weapons are tacitly referred to as the Nuclear Club.
The following are considered legitimate within the international legal framework:
The following are considered illegal:
There is another state - Israel. Officially, it does not have its own nuclear weapons. However, the world community is of the opinion that Israel should take its place in the Nuclear Club.
However, it is possible that there may be other participants on this list. Many world states have nuclear programs, but some of them abandoned this idea later, and some still continue to work on them to this day. In some states, such weapons are supplied by other countries, for example, the United States. The exact number of weapons and how many nuclear powers own these weapons in the world is not known. However, approximately twenty and a half thousand nuclear warheads are dispersed throughout the globe.
In 1968, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons was signed. Later in 1986, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed. However, not all states decided to sign and ratify these documents (legally legalize them). Thus, the threat to the world is still real. Moreover, no matter how strange it may sound, but at present the presence of nuclear weapons is a guarantee of peace, a deterrent that can protect against aggression, thanks to which many states are so eager to take possession of them.
Today, the US has an arsenal of 1,654 warheads. The United States is armed with bombs, warheads, and shells. All this is used in military aviation, in submarine fleet and also in artillery.
At the end of World War II, the United States produced over sixty-six thousand warhead bombs, but already in 1997 the production of new types of nuclear weapons was completely stopped. By 2010, the United States arsenal numbered over 5,000. nuclear weapons. Since 2013, their number has decreased to 1654 units according to the project, which involved a reduction in nuclear potential.
As an unofficial world leader, the United States has the status of a nuclear power and, under the 1968 treaty, as part of five states, legitimately possesses nuclear weapons.
Russia now has 1,480 warheads and 367 nuclear launchers. This ammunition is intended for use by missile forces, naval strategic forces and strategic aviation. Over the past decade, the Russian combat nuclear stockpile has declined significantly, at 12% per year. Due to the signing of the treaty on mutual disarmament, by 2012 it should have been reduced by 2/3.
Today, the Russian Federation, as the successor to the USSR, is one of the main members of the 1968 agreements on nuclear weapons and possesses them legally. In the conditions of the current world political and economic situation, Russia is being opposed to the United States and European states. However, with such a serious arsenal, one can defend one's independent positions on geopolitical issues.
France now has approximately 300 strategic warheads, as well as approximately 60 airborne tactical multiprocessors. All this can be used by submarines and aircraft. France for a long time had to strive to be independent in matters of its own weapons. She was engaged in the development of her own supercomputer, conducting nuclear tests until 1998. France was no longer engaged in nuclear weapons.
The UK is armed with 225 nuclear warheads. Of these, over 160 are on alert and are located on submarines. No one has exact information about the weapons of the British army. They do not disclose the exact size of their nuclear arsenal. The UK has no desire to increase its nuclear stockpile, as well as to reduce it. It is guided by a policy of deterring allied and neutral states from using these weapons.
According to US experts, the Chinese have approximately 240 warheads. Although according to official figures, the Chinese military has about 40 intercontinental missiles commanded by artillery and submariners. In addition, the Chinese army owns approximately 1,000 missiles. short range.
The Chinese authorities do not disclose exact information about their arsenal. They state that the number of their nuclear weapons is supposed to be maintained at the lowest safe level. Moreover, the Chinese authorities say they will not be the first to use nuclear weapons, and they will not use them at all against non-nuclear states. Such statements are only welcomed by the world community.
According to some estimates, India has a nuclear weapon not quite officially. At present, the Indian arsenal has approximately 30 nuclear warheads, as well as enough materials to make 90 more.
In addition, the Indian army has short-range missiles, medium-range ballistic missiles, long-range missiles. Being an illegal owner of nuclear weapons, the Indian authorities do not officially declare their nuclear policy, which causes negative reactions in the world community.
From unofficial sources it is known that the Pakistani army has almost 200 nuclear warheads. There is no exact information about the types of their weapons. The world community reacted to nuclear tests as harshly as possible. Pakistan has been economic sanctions almost all major world states. The exception was Saudi Arabia, which supplied the state with approximately fifty thousand barrels of oil per day.
North Korea is a state that officially possesses nuclear weapons, in this regard, in 2012, it amended its Constitution. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea owns single-stage medium-range missiles and the Musudan mobile missile system.
The reaction of the international community to the creation and testing of nuclear weapons was extremely negative. The lengthy six-party talks are still going on, the state is under an economic embargo. Nevertheless, the North Korean authorities are in no hurry to abandon the creation of their nuclear shield.
Nuclear weapons are one of the worst types of destruction of the population and economic potential of a hostile state. This is a weapon that sweeps away everything in its path. Fully aware of the seriousness of the presence of such weapons, the governments of many states (especially the "Nuclear Club") are taking a variety of measures to reduce the number of these weapons, as well as guarantees that they will not be used.
The total number of nuclear warheads in the world today is over 20,000, according to data from the Stockholm Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). More than half of this number - 11 thousand - is kept in the arsenal of the RF Armed Forces.A report published today on the SIPRI website reveals that the world's eight nuclear powers have a total of 20,530 nuclear warheads. Of these, 5027 are in the expanded state. The leading position here is occupied by Russia: at the disposal Missile troops strategic purpose (RVSN) 2427 missiles with nuclear warheads. The United States is slightly inferior in this regard - it has 2,150 deployed nuclear warheads. Almost 300 similar missiles are in France, and almost half as many - in the UK.
However, 5,000 deployed warheads are just the tip of the world's nuclear iceberg. The number of combat nuclear warheads mothballed in military depots exceeds this figure by three times. The strategic nuclear stockpiles of the big atomic five - Russia, the USA, France, Great Britain and China - as well as India, Pakistan and Israel that have joined them, amount to 15,500 warheads.
Russia remains the undisputed leader here as well, capable of equipping 8,570 missiles with nuclear warheads. The United States is not far behind, with 6,350 warheads stored in its warehouses. On account of the UK and France, respectively, 65 and 10 nuclear shells. China's entire nuclear arsenal of 200 warheads is kept in a non-deployed state. The military nuclear potential of Delhi and Karachi is estimated at 80-100 warheads in India and 90-100 in Pakistan. Israel, according to experts, has 80 nuclear warheads.
While the major nuclear powers are making efforts to nuclear disarmament, analysts note the growth of military nuclear potential in third world countries. Thus, within the framework of the agreement between the Russian Federation and the United States on the reduction of strategic and offensive arms (START-3), Russia reduced its arsenal by a thousand nuclear warheads. The United States cut its offensive stocks proportionately by 900 units. But India and Pakistan, judging by the calculations of experts, have increased their combat power by about 20 nuclear warheads each.
Note that, according to the US State Department, which published its report on American strategic capabilities a few days ago, the United States has more warheads than Russia. The report indicates that the Americans have 882 deployed ballistic missiles, while Russia has only 521. At the same time, the United States has 1,800 nuclear warheads in total, and the Russian Federation has 1,537.
The published information was the result of the exchange of data between the nuclear powers under the START-3 agreement. Exchange of information, when the US handed over its database to Russian counterparts, however, without indicating specific numbers.
Meanwhile, the implementation of START-3 remains under threat due to disagreements between Russia and the United States over American missile defense in Europe. In mid-May, the Russian Foreign Ministry threatened to withdraw from the treaty if the Americans continued to deploy their weapons in European countries. Formerly Chief of Operations General Staff The RF Armed Forces Andrey Tretyak said that the deployment of the American missile defense system (ABM) near the Russian borders is for our nuclear deterrence forces (SNF). The research organizations of the Ministry of Defense came to such conclusions in the course of analyzing plans for the modernization of the US missile defense system.
